The global fertility rate is nearing the replacement rate, and the world may be only years away from depopulation, according to UN projections. Rich economies are already below replacement levels, while least developed nations have higher rates. The UN has been lowering its estimates, and variations in mortality rates and sex ratios complicate the replacement rate. Coping strategies like raising the retirement age and increasing immigration have limitations. Declining fertility in India, coupled with poor healthcare and adverse sex ratios, threatens its economic growth and productivity.
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