Building the necessary infrastructure will be key for creating livable, climate-resilient, and inclusive cities that drive the economy forward. Since nearly 70 % of the urban infrastructure needed by 2047 is yet to be built, sizeable investments will be required. By 2036, India will need to invest $840 billion in infrastructure - an average of $55 billion or 1.2 % of GDP per annum. However, estimates suggest that between 2011 and 2018, the country's total capital expenditure on urban infrastructure averaged only 0.6 % of GDP, half the required quantum of investment.